Hong Kong

The Making of Contentious Political Space: The Transformation of Hong Kong’s Victoria Park

Space plays a vital role in structuring and forming social movements into particular shapes—especially via its physical settings, the representation constructed through dominant and alternative discourses, and protesters’ spatial practices therein. …

Legitimacy and Forced Democratisation in Social Movements: A Case Study of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong

Social movements are voluntary events whose participants have the right to leave whenever they disagree with their leaders. For this reason, the legitimacy of social movements is often perceived as inherent and thus of only secondary importance. This …